Process of coating one metal with another and the resulting product.



No. 822,873 PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906.

S H. THURSTON PROCESS OF COATING SHE METAL WITH ANOTHER AND THERESULTING PRODUGT.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL H. THURSTON, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

PROCESS 0F COATING ONE METAL WlTll ANOTHEit AND THE RESULTlNG PRODUCT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J mm B, 1906.

Application filed April 1, 1905. Burl-1 In. 253.260.

mgIs his invention relates to a process of costmg one metal with anotherand the resulting product; and the objects of the invention are toobtain an electrodeposit or coating which:

will not eel from the surface of the metal 11 on which the coating ismade, but which a horse firmly thereto.

The invention consists of the process and product for "carrying out theabove oeiectls, and suitable a paratus for carrying out the first stepsof tlie process is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, inwhichFigure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation on the line a: x of Fig.2, and F' 2 is a transverse sectional elevation on the e y y of Fig. 1.Fig. 3 is an edge view of a plate, illustrating graphically the beatenlayer of metal pro need in the machine illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.Fig. 4 is an ed eviewofthe same plate, illustrating graphics ly thecompleted product after the electrodeposited coating as been applied tothe beaten coatng.

The apparatus illustrated in the drawings is substantially like thatdisclosed in the patent granted to me November 13, 1900, No. 661,650,and in accordance with the present invention the metal to be coated 1sfirst treated in the manner described in said patent.

In accordance with this invention, therefore, the metal to be coated isfirst given an amorphous, inherent, adherent coherent, and permanentcoating of the desired meta In the production of said coating the"particles of t e coating metal are driven into and incorporated withthemetal being coated by beating theirb into and beneath the surfacethereo by ans of the apparatus shown in the drawings. 1

The first step of this invention consists in cleanm the metal to becoated, so that substantia y nothing remains upon its surface" which isnot homogeneous withthe metal- 1tsel1'. Acids, alkahes, or'oxids,grease, and anything which prevents the coat metal from comin inabsolute contact with the molecules 0 the metal to be united injures theresulting product. The surface should be free from moisture, andpreferably for the most perfect and permanent result the surfacesshouldbe dried by heat. No air can remain between the particles of the coatingand the coated metal, and u n this depends the eficiency of the result.mportant when the metal to be coated is an easily exidizable one, suchas iron, steel, &c.

The next step in the process consists in impacting the coating metalinto and u n the surfaces to be coated bysystematicall beating thecoating metal against the meta being coated, which is firmly held toreceive the ifi'pacting blows of the boaters. Any suita e a paratus maybe used for this p ose, that ustrated in the drawings having ecnsatisfactory.

forward either by hand or by the usual recip-- rocatoiy table movement,as in planing-machines, in which case the plate is fastened to thetable. The table is rovided with a raised portion E; arra beneath therevolving vibratingbeaters F. The vibrating boaters F are formed ofwires, as shown in this instance, twisted about the rods G, car ried bythe disks H, connected to the shaft I which in turn is rovided with thepulle i and K connec to be driven from the 'vingipulley L, carried uponthe shaft 0. V e pate D is placed upon the curved raised portion of thetable ,and the revolution is especially of the beating apparatus causesthe wire 7 boaters F to strike with force u n the surface of the plate.The degree 0 force vanes as the distance from the surface of the lateisiwergreater. Thisdistanceisre ated by t the adjusting-screws P toralseor lower the earing's for the shaft I.

When the iron or steel late D is bcmg coated with co per, for instance,the WIN heaters F areo copg zhin whole-0r 1n Of course the ends w beatupon the E011 plate must be of copggr. in the action of t apfiratusdescribed the metallic heaters, er ting-rods, first serve tomechanically clean the surface. Then the particles from or heaters aredriven, and pro metal on the surface,

. the electrode osit.

jected into and onto the said plate and incorporated with its surfaceand form a coating of which is adherent thereto. This coating ispractically incorporated with the particles or molecules of the plate,and the adherence is such that the coating cannot be removed from saidplate mechanically without removing the particles of the plate also.

The next step in this present process is to suitably electrodeposit acoating of the de-' sired metal upon the inherent, adherent, coherent,and permanent coating which has been applied to the surface of the metalby the means described. The treatment of the metal surface andapplication of the coating by beating one metal into and upon anotherproduces what may be termed an "anchorage for the electrodepositedcoating. The beating in and rubbing on of the metallic coating forms asurface that is receptive to In Fig. 3, D represents U represents thebeaten coating. In Fig. 4 the electrodeposited la er V is shown on topof the beaten coating If, for instance, copper is the metal which hasbeen beaten into and u on the surface, it will be found to stick firmly,and an additional copper coatin electrodeposited also adheres firml In te operation of beating one meta into and upon the other the beatingarms,or heaters, not only beat in the metal, but, as will be seen from thedrawings, they drag across the plate and rub the surface, thus de ositinmore of the metallic coating upon t e su ace and making the surface morehomogeneous. A ain is thus first formed on the surface, an then theparticles are united and smoothed down.

According to this invention co per maybe electrodeposited on copper, nicel may be electrodepositcd on cop .r, nickel may be electrodeposited onnic '01, silver may be electrodeposited on gold, and gold may beelectrodeposited on silver. Iron may be given a coating of gold orsilver, andin any of the processes described the base or plate uponwhich the coating is deposited may be steel or iron. The sheet-metalbase or metal upon whigh the coating is deposited may also be any othersuitable metal-as, for instance, aluminium or nickel. The co per may bebeaten into and upon the a uminium or nickel and then nickel or coppermay be electrodeposited to form the outer coating. In any of these casesthe final coating electrodeposited forms practically a art of the plateitself and cannot be remove therefrom without removing a portion of, thebody of the plate.

A great man different combinations of metals can be 0 tained, andl haveonly referred to a few as examples. Heretofore it has not been possibleto coat aluminium upon iron or steel practically or to coat alutheplate, an

scribed 0 minium with another metal=as, for instance, to provide acoating of copper or nickel upon aluminium. No satisfactory economicalprocess is known, but according to this invention any one of thesedesired objects may be carried out.

According to this invention the electrodeposit ma be formed upon more ofthe same meta or different metal and homog eneously united with theanchorage coating.

herefore the outer electrodeposit is incor orated with the surface ofthe late treated.

f desired, the sheets ma be re led after the first coating has beeneaten upon them. This rolling makes a smooth surface, and then theelectrodeposit may be made upon said smooth-rolled surface.

All electrodeposits of iron and steel scale or flake off on bending orpressing the coated sheets; but in accordance with this invention thesheet of metal provided with an electrodeposited coating may be twisted,bent, or compressed and shaped in any desired form or manner withoutcracking or scaling or flaking the outer coating of metal.

After one coat of metal, as copper, has been beaten upon the plate and acoatin of metal electro-deposited thereon anot er coating of a differentkind of metal from the last may be beaten upon the electrodepositedcoating and a second electrodeposit made upon that, and so onindefinitely, one coat superimposed upon another, always starting withthe anchorage coating.

Obviously this invention may be carried out inmany different kinds of aparatus, and the steps of the process may be varied without departingfrom the spirit of the invention.

Without enumerating equivalents, therefore, I claim, and desire toobtain by Letters Patent, the followin 1. The process siiiistantially asherein described of coating one metal with another,

which consists in first forcibly beating one metal into and u on theother systematically and continuously until the particles, or molecules,of the coating meta are driven into the metal bein coated andincorporated with the partic es at and beneath the surface of the same,thereby forming an adherent and coherent permanent coating irremova lyunited with the metal being coated, and then forming an electrodepositof metal upon said coating. 2

2. Thefprocess substantially as herein de coating one metal withanother, which consists in first producing an anchorage coatingbupon thesurface of the metal to be coated, y beating and rubbing the plate andthen forming an electrodeposit of metal upon said anchorage coating.

3. The process substantiall as herein described, o coatin one metawithanother, which consists in t forming upon the plate tobe coated, asurface which is receptive to an eleetrodeposit of metal and thenforming an electrodeposit ofythe desired metal 11 on said receaptfi'esurface, whereb the e ectrodeposit [coating ismcorpora with the surfaceof the we treated.

4. The hereinascribed product consisting of asheet or plate, of onemetal whose surface partic es are commingled with particles of anothercoating metal, the coat f metal being driven into'the body metal, an

the two metals bein 'inco rated together at on and beneath t e s ace ofthe body metal, and forming a; union the-one with the the said inherentadherent, and coherent 2o coating. e

E1 testimonywhereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribingm'tnesses.

c SAMUEL H. THURSTON.

Witnesses:

HELEN L. OBEBTEUFFEB A. L. OBamN.

